Could a virus many people carry unknowingly play a role in Alzheimer’s disease? Scientists are exploring whether Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1), the virus responsible for cold sores, might contribute to neurodegeneration.

Some laboratory studies suggest HSV-1 may trigger changes in the aging brain, such as the buildup of amyloid-β, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s. Other research points to immune system disruptions caused by viruses like cytomegalovirus. Yet, population-level evidence linking HSV-1 to Alzheimer’s remains inconclusive.

“While the idea is compelling, we still need strong epidemiological data to confirm whether HSV-1 truly impacts Alzheimer’s risk,” said a research spokesperson.

The ongoing research aims to uncover whether common viral infections could be part of the complex puzzle behind Alzheimer’s disease, potentially opening doors for new preventive strategies.